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Flavor is one of greatest joys; Flavor is created by the brain; Flavor is 80% determined by retronasal aroma.
——Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and why it Matters
Gordon Shepherd，Yale University
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Orthonasal and Retronasal olfaction
Orthonasal olfaction
Orthonasalstimulus delivery occurs when odorants travel inward from the anterior nares (nostrils) towards the olfactory mucosa
Orthonasalolfaction occurs during respiratory inhalation or sniffing;
Retronasal olfaction
Retronasalstimulation is caused by the ascent of odorants through the posterior nares of the nasopharynx
Retronasalolfaction occurs during respiratory exhalation or after swallowing.
Source: Orthonasal and Retronasal Odorant Identification Based upon Vapor Phase Input from Common Substances
Joshua Pierce, Bruce P. Halpern, Chemical Senses, Volume 21, Issue 5, October 1996,
Flavor
=
Gustation + Olfaction + Mouthfeel
+ ...
Flavor:
Full-spectrum of identification
Aroma
(Volatile Flavor)
Taste
Mouthfeel
(Tactile Sensation)
Retronasal Olfaction
Attracting
Confirming
Enhancing
Determination for swallow
Purpose:
Identify nutrition
Hedonic
Since the brain needs a "hedonic" reaction to identify nutrition, the pleasant overall flavor is obligatory for food and beverage and has to be improved through the full-spectrum process.
Interdisciplinary Neuroscience
Research of retronasal olfaction
Airborne substances
Aromatic substances
Research of hedonic mechanism and multisensory integration
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Hedonic mechanism & multisensory integration
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Retronasal olfaction
Find More
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Gustatory sensations, somatosensations, and trigeminal responses
Research of gustatory sensations, somatosensations, and trigeminal responses
Tastants
Trigeminal reaction-triggering substances
Technologies & Products that
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Enhance freshness, refreshing perception, mouth-feeling…
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Quick onset of sweetness
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Alleviate of sweetness lingering, off-taste, off-flavor…
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More function to come…
FLAVE Modulator University
The FLAVE Modulator University (FMU) is a knowledge-sharing platform dedicated to enabling the professionals of food & beverage and nutrition industry to create products that fascinate customers with the greatest taste ever since.